Here are few good metalink notes to understand Oracle Apps Patching (adpatch), You need Metalink Account to access these notes.
181665.1 – Release 11i Adpatch Basics
457566.1 – Oracle Applications Patching FAQ for Release 11i
459156.1 – Oracle Applications Patching FAQ for Release 12
60766.1 – 11.0.x : Patch Installation Frequently Asked Questions
225165.1 – Patching Best Practices and Reducing Downtime
314540.1 – What Log Files are Generated with Adpatch, and Where are They Located?
175485.1 – How to Apply an 11i Patch When adpatch is Already Running
136342.1 – How To Apply a Patch in a Multi-Server Environment
374915.1 – HRMS PATCH INSTALL FAQ
Here are few more from our Author – Subba Rao
342035.1 – How to Show the Patch History for Merged Patches in OAM
228779.1 – How to Merge Patches Using admrgpch
432597.1 – Reducing Down Time When Applying Patch for Oracle E-Business Applications 11i
231701.1 – How to Find Patching History (10.7, 11.0, 11i)